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番茄紅素
番茄紅素 | |
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IUPAC名 (6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)- 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31- Octamethyldotriaconta- 2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30- tridecaene | |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 502-65-8 |
PubChem | 446925 |
ChemSpider | 394156 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAEBZ |
EINECS | 207-949-1 |
ChEBI | 15948 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C40H56 |
摩尔质量 | 536.873 g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 深红色固体 |
熔点 | 172–173 °C |
溶解性(水) | 無法溶解 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
番茄紅素(Lycopene、分子式 C40H56),又稱茄紅素。是親脂性亮紅色的類胡蘿蔔素色素,属于四萜,无维生素A活性;存在于番茄和其它紅色果实与蔬菜中,如:西瓜、葡萄柚、木瓜、胡萝卜等。
番茄紅素是人體最常見和是最有力的類胡蘿蔔素抗氧劑之一。它的英文名Lycopene是從番茄的種類分類茄屬Solanum lycopersicum中而來得。
色素
番茄紅素的顏色是由於碳的共軛雙鍵(即單鍵及雙鍵交互出現的結構)。其中的雙鍵降低了電子躍昇到 高能階所需的能量,使分子吸收更長波長的可見光。番茄紅素吸收大多數的可見光,因此是紅色。
番茄紅素不溶於水,可做為食物色素。多孔材料(包括多數塑膠)很容易被番茄紅素染色。
若紡織品剛剛沾到番茄汁液,可以輕易的清除。但若塑膠被番茄紅素染色,番茄紅素會擴散到塑膠內,無論用熱水、肥皂、清潔劑都無法清除(不過用漂白水可以破壞番茄紅素的結構)。
食物來源
番茄紅素含量表 | |
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來源 | 茄红素含量 μg/g |
生番茄 | 8.8–42 |
番茄汁 | 86–100 |
茄汁(料理用) | 63–131 |
番茄醬 | 124 |
西瓜 | 23–72 |
葡萄柚 | 3.6–34 |
紅番石榴 | 54 |
木瓜 | 20–53 |
杏 | < 0.1 |
番茄紅素含量高的水果和蔬菜有番茄、西瓜、葡萄柚、芭樂、木瓜、紅椒。不同品種的番茄和番茄的成熟度也會影響蕃茄中番茄紅素的含量。據統計番茄和各類番茄製品佔了85%的日常生活番茄紅素攝取量。
不同於其他的營養素,例如維生素C,會在烹煮的過程中流失。番茄的食品加工,反而會提高番茄紅素的生物利用度。番茄醬中的番茄紅素的生物利用度比生鮮番茄高了四倍。這是因為番茄紅素不溶於水,但是溶於油,而且緊密地結合在植物纖維裡,所以烹煮、打碎番茄和加入油脂,可以大大提高消化系統吸收番茄紅素的能力。因此加工過的番茄製品像是番茄汁、湯、醬反而有比較高的生物利用度。
參考文獻
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外部链接
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