晝夜節律（英語：circadian rhythm）又称日夜節律、概日節律、日變週期、生理時鐘（physiological clock），是一種生理現象，以內源性、持續的，呈現以約24小時為周期的變動；由日變時鐘（circadian clock）所驅動。包括植物、動物、真菌等，都被觀察到有類似生理變化。英语 circadian 源自拉丁语 circa，為大約、大概的意思；拉丁语 diem 是一天、一日之意。合起來，在字面上的意思，是大約一天。
昼夜振荡器（circadian oscillator）则是驱动昼夜节律的中枢机制，使生物的生理节律与昼夜周期相一致，以近24小时为周期而振荡的节律，由基因产物作用于基因启动子所组成的反馈回路或其他反馈回路。
2017年来自美国的三位遗传学家杰弗理·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）、迈克尔·罗斯巴希（Michael Rosbash）和迈克尔·扬（Michael Young）因发现控制昼夜节律的分子机制而共同赢得了诺贝尔生理医学奖。
延伸閱讀
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