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| 古生物学 |
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Portal:生物学 Category:古生物学 |
哺乳动物的听小骨进化过程被认为是生物进化过程中最完备 也是最重要的事件之一。这个进化事件的过程展现了大量的演变过程，并成为预适应和已有结构再作用的最佳范例。
在爬行动物中, 耳鼓与内耳是通过一根骨头（鼻小柱）连接在一起的，爬行动物上下颚之间的多块骨头在哺乳动物中没有发现。在哺乳动物进化的过程中，其中一块上颚骨（方块骨）和一块下颚骨（关节骨）失去了功用，但是被中耳借用来与鐙骨连接，形成了一串三个用来放大声音的听小骨。在哺乳动物中，这三块骨头叫做锤骨、砧骨和鐙骨。
参考资料
扩展阅读
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- Anthwal, Neal; Joshi, Leena; Tucker, Abigail S. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures. Journal of Anatomy. 2012, 221 (1): 1–96. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01526.x.
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- Manley GA, Sienknecht UJ. Chapter 2: The Evolution and Development of Middle Ears in Land Vertebrates. Puria S, Fay RR, Popper AN (编). The Middle Ear: Science, Otosurgery, and Technology. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research 46. New York: Springer. 2013: 7–30. ISBN 978-1-4614-6590-4. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6591-1_2.
- Rougier GW, White JR. Chapter 6: Major Changes in the Ear Region and Basicranium of Early Mammals. Carrano MT, Gaudin TJ, Blob RW, Wible JR (编). Amniote paleobiology: perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles: a volume honoring James Allen Hopson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2006: 269–311. ISBN 0-226-09477-4.
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